![]() The principal environmental factor is the diet. Culture-independent molecular techniques have been used in recent years to characterize microbial diversity and have opened the possibility to study the effect of environmental factors on these microbiota. The GIT of poultry is home to a complex and dynamic microbial community. ![]() Feed is possibly the most vital factor in exposing the internal body organs with the external environment via the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Dietary fibers have been found to influence the gut microbial ecology. There has been remarkable progress in the use of alternative feedstuffs like coproducts, which are typically rich in fiber. Despite a rigorous search of alternative feedstuffs, nutritionists have yet not been able to find an alternative that can completely replace corn and SBM, although wheat is included in prominent levels in some parts of the world. ![]() Conventionally, prime poultry feed ingredients are corn and soybean meal (SBM). Also, the quality of diet along with environmental conditions and health of birds need to be considered to achieve these goals. Feed efficiency and high performance of the birds are the crucial goals in poultry production. The poultry industry is one of the fastest growing meat producing animal industries. This review will help future researchers and industry to identify alternative feed ingredients having properties like prebiotics, probiotics, organic acids, and exogenous enzymes. Understanding these functions and interactions will help to develop new dietary and managerial strategies that will ultimately lead to enhanced feed utilization and improved growth performance of poultry. This paper reviews the available information on the effect of feed additives used to modulate intestinal microbiota of poultry and their effects on overall health and growth performance. Gut microbiota and their metabolic products improve nutrient digestion, absorption, metabolism, and overall health and growth performance of poultry. These include the use of probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, and exogenous enzyme, among others. ![]() In this changed context, several alternative strategies have been proposed with some success that mimics the functions of antibiotics as growth promoters and modulate gut microbiota for their beneficial roles. However, due to concerns over potential fatalistic impacts on food animals and indirectly to humans, their use as feed additives are banned or regulated in several jurisdictions. In the past, using antibiotics to promote the growth of poultry and manage gut microbiota was a norm. Thus, the challenge that poultry scientists and industry face are to produce sufficient amount of poultry meat in the most efficient way. Its demand is expected to continue increasing to meet the animal protein requirement for ever-increasing human population. Poultry is widely produced and consumed meat globally. ![]()
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